Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being larger than only Mercury. In English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the “Red Planet”.[16][17] The latter refers to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars’s surface, which gives it a reddish appearance distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.[18] Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, with surface features reminiscent of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth.
| Aphelion | 249200000 km (1.66 AU) |
| Perihelion | 206700000 km (1.38 AU) |
| Eccentricity | 0.09 |
| Orbital period | 686.971 Earth Days (1.88082 Earth yrs) |
| Synodic period | 779.96 d (2.1354 yr) |
| Average orbital speed | 24.007 km/s |
| Satellites | 2 |
| Surface gravity | 3.72 m/s2 |
| Escape velocity | 5.027 km/s |
| Sidereal rotation period | 24 hours 37 minutes 22.7 seconds |
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